Chatbots have evolved from simple command-based systems to sophisticated conversational AI tools. This article explores their functioning, from the pioneering ELIZA to modern LLM-based systems. We analyze the traditional process: natural language understanding (NLU), dialogue management (DM), and response generation (RG), comparing it with the end-to-end LLM-based approach.

Conversational AI is the set of technologies based on Artificial Intelligence that allow us to have a chat or talk with any computer. It is the technology of conversations.